Important component of family self-image are so called
(close to
some idea of family members about family life, personality of its members,
interrelations that are supposed to be evident. New ways in investigation of these
Приложения
The third section deals with the family communication. The main idea is that all
ample literature of the topic deals only with communication channel: - it is with
communication stages that follows after the decision to communicate some message
to another family member is taken. Our idea is that the most important stage is
what happens before - the
when the decision to
takes this decision by committing some mental experiment in his mind. He 1. has to
recognize a situation (a problem) as one which requires to send a message to
involved family member (a communication event), 2. tries to image the whole event
(how the message will be given by him and accepted by another side), 3. what
change in situation and what further consequences it is going to bring.
During this stage the whole event is
regarded, the content and ways of communication are shaped. This
communication event is an individual
mutual expectation and ways in which these expectations are precised. So, just on this
stage important prerequisites of the success or failure of a communication are laid.
So, we tried to demonstrate prospects of investigating and considering in therapy
of these zero - stage processes.
To investigate these processes we have proposed the concept of
question reasons are regarded for which the very idea of communication does not
emerged. If it emerged then how went on the
in the mind of the family member, how this experiment facilitated or stopped the
communication, how it regulated way and content of a message, how a member of a
family reacted to its own decision that communication is impossible.
A lot of clinic cases are considered showing ways how a communication deficit
can be analyzed in different situations.
The fourth section considers ways in which the family solves its integration and
re-integratron problems. Three main mechanism are examined: problem- solving in
the family ,
Family problems are most important engine for a family to develop its structure.
Ways family chooses to solve these problems are decisive in predicting what impact
will these problems have upon its structure and functioning. Early family therapist
(like Bell and Bowen) stressed this family ability to define and solve its problems in
a rational and effective way and also it ability to resist factors pushing it to irrational
ways in solving family problems. Later development in family therapy seems to loss
these approach and to stress
in this section we try to show how promising this neglected approach can be also for
modern psychotherapy. We have developed the concept of special cognitive roles in
the family.
598
Приложения
They are ones which develop in it when it arrives a problem and tries to solve it.
Problem solving behavior within the family usually is followed by. development of a
special cluster of cognitive roles. This cluster can be observed when family discusses
its real or artificial (test) - problems. The interrelation between the structure of
these cognitive roles and effectiveness of family problem solving was examined. On
this bases the idea of a rather strong boundary between clusters of cognitive roles
in the family and its usual permanent roles is presented. Such boundary is supposed
to be the main structural precondition for effective problem solving and re-
integrating a family.
Ways in which structural prerequisites for this can be created are discussed in
this section. Clinical experience affecting families is surveyed.
Another important structure in integrating and re-integrating a family are
emotional identification between members of a family. Relations of sympathy,
emotional attraction, attachment, affection in the family can be highly important but
also highly choose, capricious.
They are also highly sensitive to any incongruence between ones emotional
(often unconscious) preferences, expectations, needs, on the one side, and a real
personality and behavior of other family members, on the other. So, in this chapter
a method is presented to analyze these emotional expectations of family members to
each other and to check the reactions that arise if the expectations are not met. The
experience in using this method in family therapy is referred.
The nest section deals with the family role system. Concept of
(inflicting) role is discussed. It is shown that the concept has to be supplemented by
concept of
played by any family member but is highly possible to be actualized under some
special conditions producing
it is shown that every single of them is important for
This is important elaborating methods counteracting these roles. The ways to deal
with the
family diagnosis and family therapy. To-day a lot of family assessment measures,
coding and rating schemes,self-report scales and questionnaires has been developed.
Ample surveys referring them are published (H. Grotevant, C. Carlson, 1989). So the
main aim of this book was to discuss the philosophy of assessment and to evaluate
possible approaches.
Our experience in assessment of a family is referred and illustrated by clinical
cases.
The last chapter refers some special problems that arise using the family
psychotherapy dealing with special somatic and psychic diseases. Main concepts and
experience in family therapy dealing with tuberculosis of the lungs, hypertensive
disease, ischemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, ulcerative disease of the
stomach, duodenal ulcer, diabetes, ulcerative colitis were discussed. Our long
Приложения
experience (both successeful and unsuccesseful) adapting and trying different family
therapy approach in treatment of schizophrenia (especially considering recent
successes in Expressed Emotion- ЕЕ investigation and methods), neurosis, abnormal
personality in adults and adolescents is referred.
The book is completed by original family assessment methods that were
developed and intensively used in our work.
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